2º BACHILLER: UNIT 3

                                   EL ESTILO INDIRECTO

1. El verbo principal de la frase cambiará cuando pasemos la frase a Estilo Indirecto de la siguiente forma:

present simple                       /      past simple

present continuous                /       past continuous

past simple                           /        past perfect

past continuous                     /        past perfect continuous

present perfect                      /       past perfect

present perfect continuous     /       past perfect continuous

past perfect                          /       past perfect

past perfect continuous         /       past perfect continuous

will                                      /        would

is going to                           /        was going to

must  or have to                  /        had to

can                                     /        could

shall                                   /        should

may                                   /        might

imperative                          /        infinitive

Examples:

"I must go"               /         He said he had to go.

"I haven´t seen anybody"   /    She said she hadn´t seen anybody.

"I´ll talk to Mr Jones"         /     He said he would talk to Mr Jones.

* Algunos tiempos verbales no cambian:

Would  /  would, could  /  could, might  /  might, should  /  should

* Se puede poner u omitir that detrás del verbo principal:

He said he wasn´t going   /   He said that he wasn´t going.

2. Además de los tiempos verbales hay otras palabras que también deben cambiar en la frase indirecta:

tomorrow …………….. the next day / the following day / the day after

yesterday ………………the day before / the previous day

here………………………. there

this………………………… that

this morning…………. that morning

these………………………those

today…………………….. that day

tonight …………………. that night

next week…………….. the following week / the week after

last week………………. the previous week / the week before

now………………………..then

the day after tomorrow………..in two days´ time

a month ago………………………….the previous month / the month before

 * También cambian los pronombres personales y los adjetivos y pronombres posesivos. No se pueden dar reglas para estos cambios;

fíjate en el sujeto del verbo introductorio y aplica tu sentido común para determinar las nuevas relaciones entre las personas mencionadas.

* También algunos verbos cambian:

 Come………………………………. go

 Bring…………………………………take

3. PREGUNTAS INDIRECTAS:

- Las preguntas indirectas cambian el orden de la pregunta original además de los cambios verbales:

What is the time? ………… She asked what time it was.

How is your mother? ……. He asked me how my mother was.

- Se usa if o whether cuando la pregunta no contiene ninguna particula interrogativa Wh-:

Did you see the film? ………. She asked whether I had seen the film

4. IMPERATIVOS INDIRECTOS:

- Los mandatos indirectos usan un complemento indirecto y un infinitivo:

Stop ………………………….. He told them to stop.

Don´t go …………………… He told me not to go.

- Existe una diferencia entre las ofertas indirectas y las peticiones indirectas:

 a) oferta: "Would you like a cigarette?"………. He asked if I would like a cigarette.

 b) petición: "Would you pass me a cigarette? …….. He asked me to pass him a cigarette.

5. VERBOS QUE RESUMEN FRASES:

No es siempre necesario pasar al estilo indirecto todas las palabras de las frases directas: algunos verbos se utilizan para resumir ciertas frases:

"Oh dear", she said, "I´m terribly sorry I´m late"………… She apologized for being late.

"I know a good restaurant. Why don´t we go there?......He suggested that we should go to a restaurant.

- Verbos que rigen infinitivo:

advise, invite, offer, promise, refuse, remind, warn

- Verbos que rigen gerund:

apologize for, insist on, suggest

- Verbos seguidos de indirect speech:

agree, announce, boast, claim, concede..... that...

"We´re going to get married in June", she said…….She announced that they were going to get married in June.